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| United Arab Emirates |

Introduction | United Arab Emirates

Background: | The Trucial States of the Persian Gulf coast granted the UK control of their defense and foreign affairs in 19th century treaties. In 1971, six of these states - Abu Zaby, 'Ajman, Al Fujayrah, Ash Shariqah, Dubayy, and Umm al Qaywayn - merged to form the United Arab Emirates (UAE). They were joined in 1972 by Ra's al Khaymah. The UAE's per capita GDP is on par with those of leading West European nations. Its generosity with oil revenues and its moderate foreign policy stance have allowed the UAE to play a vital role in the affairs of the region.

Geography | United Arab Emirates

Location: | Middle East, bordering the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf, between Oman and Saudi Arabia
Geographic coordinates: | 24 00 N, 54 00 E
Map references: | Middle East
Area: | total: 82,880 sq km land: 82,880 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative: | slightly smaller than Maine
Land boundaries: | total: 867 km border countries: Oman 410 km, Saudi Arabia 457 km
Coastline: | 1,318 km
Maritime claims: | territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
Climate: | desert; cooler in eastern mountains
Terrain: | flat, barren coastal plain merging into rolling sand dunes of vast desert wasteland; mountains in east
Elevation extremes: | lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m highest point: Jabal Yibir 1,527 m
Natural resources: | petroleum, natural gas
Land use: | arable land: 0.77% permanent crops: 2.27% other: 96.96% (2005)
Irrigated land: | 760 sq km (2003)
Natural hazards: | frequent sand and dust storms
Environment - current issues: | lack of natural freshwater resources compensated by desalination plants; desertification; beach pollution from oil spills
Environment - international agreements: | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Geography - note: | strategic location along southern approaches to Strait of Hormuz, a vital transit point for world crude oil

People | United Arab Emirates

Population: | 2,602,713 (July 2006 est.)
Age structure: | 0-14 years: 24.9% (male 331,012/female 317,643) 15-64 years: 71.2% (male 1,125,286/female 726,689) 65 years and over: 3.9% (male 74,700/female 27,383) note: 73.9% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national (2006 est.)
Median age: | total: 28.1 years male: 34.8 years female: 23.3 years (2006 est.)
Population growth rate: | 1.52% (2006 est.)
Birth rate: | 18.96 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Death rate: | 4.4 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Net migration rate: | 0.66 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Sex ratio: | at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.55 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 2.73 male(s)/female total population: 1.43 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Infant mortality rate: | total: 14.09 deaths/1,000 live births male: 16.57 deaths/1,000 live births female: 11.48 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: | total population: 75.44 years male: 72.92 years female: 78.08 years (2006 est.)
Total fertility rate: | 2.88 children born/woman (2006 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: | 0.18% (2001 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: | NA
HIV/AIDS - deaths: | NA
Nationality: | noun: Emirati(s) adjective: Emirati
Ethnic groups: | Emirati 19%, other Arab and Iranian 23%, South Asian 50%, other expatriates (includes Westerners and East Asians) 8% (1982) note: less than 20% are UAE citizens (1982)
Religions: | Muslim 96% (Shi'a 16%), Christian, Hindu, and other 4%
Languages: | Arabic (official), Persian, English, Hindi, Urdu
Literacy: | definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 77.9% male: 76.1% female: 81.7% (2003 est.)

Government | United Arab Emirates

Country name: | conventional long form: United Arab Emirates conventional short form: none local long form: Al Imarat al Arabiyah al Muttahidah local short form: none former: Trucial Oman, Trucial States abbreviation: UAE
Government type: | federation with specified powers delegated to the UAE federal government and other powers reserved to member emirates
Capital: | name: Abu Dhabi geographic coordinates: 24 28 N, 54 22 E time difference: UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Administrative divisions: | 7 emirates (imarat, singular - imarah); Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi), 'Ajman, Al Fujayrah, Ash Shariqah (Sharjah), Dubayy (Dubai), Ra's al Khaymah, Umm al Qaywayn (Quwayn)
Independence: | 2 December 1971 (from UK)
National holiday: | Independence Day, 2 December (1971)
Constitution: | 2 December 1971; made permanent in 1996
Legal system: | federal court system introduced in 1971; applies to all emirates except Dubayy (Dubai) and Ra's al Khaymah, which are not fully integrated into the federal judicial system; all emirates have secular courts to adjudicate criminal, civil, and commercial matters and Islamic courts to review family and religious disputes
Suffrage: | none
Executive branch: | chief of state: President KHALIFA bin Zayid al-Nuhayyan (since 3 November 2004), ruler of Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi) (since 4 November 2004); Vice President and Prime Minister MUHAMMAD bin Rashid al-Maktum (since 5 January 2006) head of government: Prime Minister and Vice President MUHAMMAD bin Rashid al-Maktum (since 5 January 2006); Deputy Prime Ministers SULTAN bin Zayid al-Nuhayyan (since 20 November 1990) and HAMDAN bin Zayid al-Nuhayyan (since 20 October 2003) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president note: there is also a Federal Supreme Council (FSC) composed of the seven emirate rulers; the FSC is the highest constitutional authority in the UAE; establishes general policies and sanctions federal legislation; meets four times a year; Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi) and Dubayy (Dubai) rulers have effective veto power elections: president and vice president elected by the FSC for five-year terms (no term limits); election last held 3 November 2004 upon the death of the UAE's Founding Father and first President ZAYID bin Sultan Al Nuhayyan (next to be held 2009); prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the president election results: KHALIFA bin Zayid al-Nuhayyan elected president by a unanimous vote of the FSC; MUHAMMAD bin Rashid al-Maktum unanimously reaffirmed vice president
Legislative branch: | unicameral Federal National Council (FNC) or Majlis al-Ittihad al-Watani (40 seats; members appointed by the rulers of the constituent states to serve two-year terms) elections: President KHALIFA in December 2005 announced that indirect elections would be held in early 2006 for half of the seats in the FNC; the other half would be filled by appointment note: reviews legislation, but cannot change or veto
Judicial branch: | Union Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president)
Political parties and leaders: | none
Political pressure groups and leaders: | NA
International organization participation: | ABEDA, AFESD, AMF, FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the US: | chief of mission: Ambassador Saqr Ghobash Said GHOBASH chancery: 3522 International Court NW, Suite 400, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 243-2400 FAX: [1] (202) 243-2432 consulate(s): New York, Houston
Diplomatic representation from the US: | chief of mission: Ambassador Michele J. SISON embassy: Embassies District, Plot 38 Sector W59-02, Street No. 4, Abu Dhabi mailing address: P. O. Box 4009, Abu Dhabi telephone: [971] (2) 414-2200 FAX: [971] (2) 414-2603 consulate(s) general: Dubai
Flag description: | three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and black with a wider vertical red band on the hoist side

Economy | United Arab Emirates

Economy - overview: | The UAE has an open economy with a high per capita income and a sizable annual trade surplus. Its wealth is based on oil and gas output (about 30% of GDP), and the fortunes of the economy fluctuate with the prices of those commodities. Since the discovery of oil in the UAE more than 30 years ago, the UAE has undergone a profound transformation from an impoverished region of small desert principalities to a modern state with a high standard of living. At present levels of production, oil and gas reserves should last for more than 100 years. The government has increased spending on job creation and infrastructure expansion and is opening up its utilities to greater private sector involvement. Higher oil revenue, strong liquidity, and cheap credit in 2005 led to a surge in asset prices (shares and real estate) and consumer inflation. Any sharp correction to the UAE's equity markets could damage investor and consumer sentiment and affect bank asset quality. In April 2004, the UAE signed a Trade and Investment Framework Agreement (TIFA) with Washington and in November 2004 agreed to undertake negotiations toward a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with the US.
GDP (purchasing power parity): | $115.8 billion (2005 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate): | $98.1 billion (2005 est.)
GDP - real growth rate: | 8.8% (2005 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP): | $45,200 (2005 est.)
GDP - composition by sector: | agriculture: 4% industry: 58.5% services: 37.5% (2002 est.)
Labor force: | 2.8 million (2005 est.)
Labor force - by occupation: | agriculture: 7% industry: 15% services: 78% (2000 est.)
Unemployment rate: | 2.4% (2001)
Population below poverty line: | NA%
Household income or consumption by percentage share: | lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Inflation rate (consumer prices): | 10.5% (2005 est.)
Investment (gross fixed): | 20.7% of GDP (2005 est.)
Budget: | revenues: $34.93 billion expenditures: $29.41 billion; including capital expenditures of $3.4 billion (2005 est.)
Public debt: | 17.5% of GDP (2005 est.)
Agriculture - products: | dates, vegetables, watermelons; poultry, eggs, dairy products; fish
Industries: | petroleum and petrochemicals; fishing, aluminum, cement, fertilizers, commercial ship repair, construction materials, some boat building, handicrafts, textiles
Industrial production growth rate: | 4% (2000)
Electricity - production: | 45.12 billion kWh (2004)
Electricity - production by source: | fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001)
Electricity - consumption: | 38.32 billion kWh (2002)
Electricity - exports: | 0 kWh (2004)
Electricity - imports: | 0 kWh (2004)
Oil - production: | 2.396 million bbl/day (2005 est.)
Oil - consumption: | 310,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Oil - exports: | 2.5 million bbl/day (2004 est.)
Oil - imports: | 0 bbl/day (2004)
Oil - proved reserves: | 97.8 billion bbl (2005 est.)
Natural gas - production: | 44.79 billion cu m (2003 est.)
Natural gas - consumption: | 37.88 billion cu m (2003 est.)
Natural gas - exports: | 7.19 billion cu m (2003 est.)
Natural gas - imports: | 0 cu m (2003 est.)
Natural gas - proved reserves: | 6.006 trillion cu m (2005)
Current account balance: | $18.54 billion (2005 est.)
Exports: | $103.1 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)
Exports - commodities: | crude oil 45%, natural gas, reexports, dried fish, dates
Exports - partners: | Japan 24.6%, South Korea 9.8%, Thailand 5.6%, India 4.3% (2005)
Imports: | $60.15 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)
Imports - commodities: | machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food
Imports - partners: | UK 10%, China 9.7%, US 9.4%, India 9.2%, Germany 5.9%, Japan 5.4%, France 4.7%, Singapore 4.1% (2005)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: | $23.53 billion (2005 est.)
Debt - external: | $34.47 billion (2005 est.)
Economic aid - donor: | since its founding in 1971, the Abu Dhabi Fund for Development has given about $5.2 billion in aid to 56 countries (2004)
Currency (code): | Emirati dirham (AED)
Currency code: | AED
Exchange rates: | Emirati dirhams per US dollar - 3.6725 (2005), 3.6725 (2004), 3.6725 (2003), 3.6725 (2002), 3.6725 (2001) note: officially pegged to the US dollar since February 2002
Fiscal year: | calendar year

Communications | United Arab Emirates

Telephones - main lines in use: | 1.237 million (2005)
Telephones - mobile cellular: | 4.535 million (2005)
Telephone system: | general assessment: modern fiber-optic integrated services; digital network with rapidly growing use of mobile cellular telephones; key centers are Abu Dhabi and Dubai domestic: microwave radio relay, fiber optic and coaxial cable international: country code - 971; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; submarine cables to Qatar, Bahrain, India, and Pakistan; tropospheric scatter to Bahrain; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia
Radio broadcast stations: | AM 13, FM 8, shortwave 2 (2004)
Radios: | 820,000 (1997)
Television broadcast stations: | 15 (2004)
Televisions: | 310,000 (1997)
Internet country code: | .ae
Internet hosts: | 337,092 (2006)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs): | 1 (2000)
Internet users: | 1,397,200 (2005)

Transportation | United Arab Emirates

Airports: | 37 (2006)
Airports - with paved runways: | total: 23 over 3,047 m: 10 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 3 (2006)
Airports - with unpaved runways: | total: 14 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 4 (2006)
Heliports: | 4 (2006)
Pipelines: | condensate 520 km; gas 2,580 km; liquid petroleum gas 300 km; oil 2,950 km; oil/gas/water 5 km; refined products 156 km (2006)
Roadways: | total: 1,088 km paved: 1,088 km (including 253 km of expressways) (1999)
Merchant marine: | total: 58 ships (1000 GRT or over) 656,003 GRT/891,837 DWT by type: bulk carrier 6, cargo 7, chemical tanker 5, container 6, liquefied gas 1, passenger/cargo 6, petroleum tanker 20, roll on/roll off 6, specialized tanker 1 foreign-owned: 10 (Greece 2, Kuwait 8) registered in other countries: 259 (Bahamas 16, Barbados 1, Belize 5, Cambodia 1, Comoros 6, Cyprus 11, Dominica 2, Georgia 1, Hong Kong 2, India 6, Iran 1, Jordan 11, Kiribati 1, North Korea 6, Liberia 18, Malta 5, Marshall Islands 3, Mexico 1, Mongolia 5, Norway 1, Panama 105, Philippines 1, Saint Kitts and Nevis 19, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 11, Saudi Arabia 1, Sierra Leone 3, Singapore 7, Somalia 1, Sri Lanka 2, Syria 1, unknown 5) (2006)
Ports and terminals: | Al Fujayrah, Khawr Fakkan, Mina' Jabal 'Ali, Mina' Rashid, Mina' Saqr, Mina' Zayid, Sharjan

Military | United Arab Emirates

Military branches: | Army, Navy (includes Marines and Coast Guard), Air and Air Defense Force, paramilitary forces (includes Federal Police Force)
Military service age and obligation: | 18 years of age (est.); no conscription (2001)
Manpower available for military service: | males age 18-49: 653,181 females age 18-49: 497,394 (includes non-nationals; 2005 est.)
Manpower fit for military service: | males age 18-49: 526,671 females age 18-49: 419,975 (2005 est.)
Manpower reaching military service age annually: | males: 30,706 females age 18-49: 29,617 (2005 est.)
Military expenditures - dollar figure: | $1.6 billion (FY00)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP: | 3.1% (FY00)

Transnational Issues | United Arab Emirates

Disputes - international: | the United Arab Emirate 2006 Yearbook published a map and text rescinding the 1974 boundary with Saudi Arabia, as stipulated in a treaty filed with the UN in 1993, on the grounds that the agreement was not formally ratified; boundary agreement was signed and ratified with Oman in 2003 for entire border, including Oman's Musandam Peninsula and Al Madhah enclaves, but contents of the agreement and maps showing the alignment have not been published; Iran and UAE dispute Tunb Islands and Abu Musa Island, which Iran occupies
Trafficking in persons: | current situation: the United Arab Emirates is a destination country for men, women, and children trafficked from South and East Asia, Eastern Europe, Africa, and the Middle East for involuntary servitude and for sexual exploitation; an estimated 10,000 women from sub-Saharan Africa, Eastern Europe, South and East Asia, Iraq, Iran, and Morocco may be victims of sex trafficking in the UAE; women also migrate from Africa, and South and Southeast Asia to work as domestic servants, but may have their passports confiscated, be denied permission to leave the place of employment in the home, or face sexual or physical abuse by their employers; men from South Asia come to the UAE to work in the construction industry, but may be subjected to conditions of involuntary servitude as they are coerced to pay off recruitment and travel costs, sometimes having their wages denied for months at a time; victims of child camel jockey trafficking may still remain in the UAE, despite a July 2005 law banning the practice; while all identified victims were repatriated at the government's expense to their home countries, questions persist as to the effectiveness of the ban and the true number of victims tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - UAE is placed on the Tier 2 Watch List for its failure to show increased efforts to combat trafficking in 2005, particularly in its efforts to address the large-scale trafficking of foreign girls and women for commercial sexual exploitation
Illicit drugs: | the UAE is a drug transshipment point for traffickers given its proximity to Southwest Asian drug producing countries; the UAE's position as a major financial center makes it vulnerable to money laundering; anti-money-laundering controls improving, but informal banking remains unregulated

This page was last updated on 19 December, 2006